diff --git a/src/alipay.rs b/src/alipay.rs
index 525c7dd..1592fa8 100644
--- a/src/alipay.rs
+++ b/src/alipay.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/alipay.rs — 支付宝 RSA2 签名与请求封装
+use rsa::pkcs1v15::{Pkcs1v15Sign, SigningKey, VerifyingKey};
 use rsa::pkcs8::{DecodePrivateKey, DecodePublicKey, EncodePrivateKey, LineEnding};
-use rsa::signature::Signer;
+use rsa::signature::{Signer, Verifier};
+use rsa::RsaPrivateKey;
 use rsa::RsaPublicKey;
-use rsa::{Pkcs1v15Sign, RsaPrivateKey};
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::env;
@@ -76,42 +77,37 @@ pub fn rsa2_sign(content: &str, private_key_pem: &str) -> Result<String, String>
                 private_key_pem,
             )
             .map_err(|e| format!("Base64 解码失败: {}", e))?;
-            
+
             let pem_str = String::from_utf8(decoded)
                 .map_err(|e| format!("PEM 字符串格式错误: {}", e))?;
-            
+
             RsaPrivateKey::from_pkcs8_pem(&pem_str)
                 .map_err(|e| format!("私钥解析失败: {}", e))?
         }
     };
 
-    let signing_input = Sha256::digest(content.as_bytes());
-    let signature = private_key
-        .sign(Pkcs1v15Sign::new::<Sha256>(), &signing_input)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("签名失败: {}", e))?;
-
+    let signing_key = SigningKey::<Sha256>::new(private_key);
+    let signature = signing_key.sign(content.as_bytes());
     Ok(base64::Engine::encode(
         &base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD,
-        &signature,
+        signature.to_bytes().as_ref(),
     ))
 }
 
 /// 验证 RSA2 签名
 pub fn rsa2_verify(content: &str, sign: &str, public_key_pem: &str) -> Result<bool, String> {
+    use sha2::Digest;
     let public_key = RsaPublicKey::from_public_key_pem(public_key_pem)
         .map_err(|e| format!("支付宝公钥解析失败: {}", e))?;
 
     let sig_bytes = base64::Engine::decode(&base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD, sign)
         .map_err(|e| format!("签名 Base64 解码失败: {}", e))?;
 
-    let hashed_content = Sha256::digest(content.as_bytes());
-    Ok(public_key
-        .verify(
-            Pkcs1v15Sign::new::<Sha256>(),
-            &hashed_content,
-            &sig_bytes,
-        )
-        .is_ok())
+    let hashed = Sha256::digest(content.as_bytes());
+    public_key
+        .verify(rsa::Pkcs1v15Sign::new::<Sha256>(), &hashed, &sig_bytes)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("签名验证失败: {}", e))?;
+    Ok(true)
 }
 
 /// 构建支付宝请求 URL（含签名）
diff --git a/src/handlers/payment.rs b/src/handlers/payment.rs
index 969b524..2f1287c 100644
--- a/src/handlers/payment.rs
+++ b/src/handlers/payment.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // handlers/payment.rs — 支付相关处理器（接入支付宝）
 use actix_web::{get, post, web, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
 use chrono::Utc;
+use rsa::pkcs1v15::{Pkcs1v15Sign, SigningKey, VerifyingKey};
 use rsa::pkcs8::DecodePrivateKey;
-use rsa::signature::{Signer, Verifier};
-use rsa::{Pkcs1v15Sign, RsaPrivateKey};
+use rsa::signature::{SignatureEncoding, Signer, Verifier};
+use rsa::RsaPrivateKey;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use sqlx::postgres::PgPool;
@@ -101,29 +102,30 @@ fn rsa2_sign(content: &str, private_key_pem: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
                 .map_err(|e| format!("私钥解析失败: {}", e))?
         }
     };
-    let hashed_content = Sha256::digest(content.as_bytes());
-    let signature = private_key
-        .sign(Pkcs1v15Sign::new::<Sha256>(), &hashed_content)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("签名失败: {}", e))?;
+    let signing_key = SigningKey::<Sha256>::new(private_key);
+    let signature = signing_key.sign(content.as_bytes());
     Ok(base64::Engine::encode(
         &base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD,
-        &signature,
+        signature.to_bytes().as_ref(),
     ))
 }
 
 /// 验证 RSA2 签名
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 fn rsa2_verify(content: &str, sign: &str, public_key_pem: &str) -> Result<bool, String> {
     use rsa::pkcs8::DecodePublicKey;
-    use rsa::signature::Verifier;
+    use rsa::RsaPublicKey;
+    use sha2::Digest;
     let public_key =
-        rsa::RsaPublicKey::from_public_key_pem(public_key_pem)
+        RsaPublicKey::from_public_key_pem(public_key_pem)
             .map_err(|e| format!("支付宝公钥解析失败: {}", e))?;
     let sig_bytes = base64::Engine::decode(&base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD, sign)
         .map_err(|e| format!("签名 Base64 解码失败: {}", e))?;
-    let hashed_content = Sha256::digest(content.as_bytes());
-    Ok(public_key
-        .verify(Pkcs1v15Sign::new::<Sha256>(), &hashed_content, &sig_bytes)
-        .is_ok())
+    let hashed = Sha256::digest(content.as_bytes());
+    public_key
+        .verify(rsa::Pkcs1v15Sign::new::<Sha256>(), &hashed, &sig_bytes)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("签名验证失败: {}", e))?;
+    Ok(true)
 }
 
 // ===== Helper: 调用 alipay.trade.page.pay =====